Walkman is a Sony brand tradename, originally used for portable audio cassette players from the late 1970s onwards. In later years, it has been used by Sony to market digital portable audio/video players, as well as a line of mobile phones introduced in 2005.
The original Walkman cassette player, released in 1979, changed music listening habits by allowing people to listen to their music whilst on the move. This could turn everyday tasks like commuting and running into pleasurable experiences, give commuters a sense of privacy, and add a soundtrack to urban surroundings.
The Walkman was devised by Sony co-founder Masaru Ibuka, and first built by audio-division engineers Nobutosi Kiraha and Kozo Osohne in 1979. Ibuka loved listening to opera on his frequent trans-Pacific flights, but felt Sony's existing portable player - the notebook-sized, five pound TC-D5 - was far too unwieldy for everyday use, and far too expensive to ever sell successfully. Sony thus began work on a portable player that could combine light weight and stereo sound with a price an ordinary consumer could afford.
The original prototype was built from a heavily modified Sony Pressman, a lightweight, compact tape recorder designed for journalists. By replacing the recording head with a playback head, and the speaker with an amplifier, Sony engineers were able to combine the portability of the Pressman with the stereo experience of the TC-D5. By using lower-end components to reduce the price, and enclosing the parts in an attractive casing, they had solved Ibuka's challenge.
The original idea for a portable stereo is ultimately credited to Brazilian-German inventor Andreas Pavel, who patented the Stereobelt in 1977. Though Sony agreed to pay Pavel royalties, it refused to recognize him as the inventor of the personal stereo until a legal settlement in 2003.
The player was released in Japan in 1979 as the "Walkman", a nod to the player's ancestor, the Pressman. This was followed by a series of international releases under several other names - "Soundabout" in the United States, "Freestyle" in Sweden, and "Stowaway" in the UK. Overseas sales companies objected to the name “Walkman” as they felt it was too much of a Japanese-English name, and proposed others. Sony America initially suggested “Disco Jogger”, which was not chosen because it would have limited appeal. Eventually "Walkman" caught on globally and Sony used the name worldwide.
The names "Walkman", "Pressman", "Watchman", "Scoopman", "Discman", and "Talkman" are trademarks of Sony, and have been applied to a wide range of portable entertainment devices manufactured by the company. Sony continues to use the "Walkman" brand name for most of their portable audio devices, after the "Discman" name for CD players was dropped in the late 1990s.