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煙囪效應(英文:Stack effect)是指戶內空氣沿著有垂直坡度的空間向上昇或下降,造成空氣加強對流的現象。
最常見的煙囪效應是火爐、锅爐運作時,產生的熱空氣隨著煙囪向上昇,在煙囪的頂部離開。因為煙囪中的熱空氣散溢而造成的氣流,將戶外的空氣抽入填補,令火爐的火更猛烈。
煙囪效應亦可以是逆向的。當戶內的溫度較戶外為低(例如在夏季時使用空氣調節),氣流可以在煙囪內向下流動,將戶外空氣從煙囪抽入室內[1]。
煙囪效應的強度與煙囪的高度,戶內及戶外溫度差距,和戶內外空氣流通的程度有關。
在高樓大廈的環境內,煙囪效應可以是令火災猛烈加劇的原因。在低層發生的火災造成的熱空氣,因為密度較低,經電梯槽或走火通道內得以往上流動,使高熱氣體不斷在通道的頂部積聚,結果是使火勢透過這種空氣的對流在大廈的頂層制造另一個火場。不單使撲救變得更困難,更會危及前往天台逃生者的生命安全。
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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article "煙囪效應", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. There is a list of all authors in Wikipedia
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