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巴氏合金(Babbitt metal)是具有减摩特性的锡基和铅基轴承合金。由美国人巴比特发明而得名。因其呈白色,又称白合金。主要合金成分是锡、铅、锑、铜。锑、铜,用以提高合金强度和硬度。巴氏合金的组织特点是,在软相基体上均匀分布着硬相质点,软相基体使合金具有非常好的嵌藏性、顺应性和抗咬合性,并在磨合后,软基体内凹,硬质点外凸,使滑动面之间形成微小间隙,成为贮油空间和润滑油通道,利于减摩;上凸的硬质点起支承作用,有利于承载。巴氏合金除制造滑动轴承外,因其质地软、强度低,常将其丝或粉喷涂在钢等基体上制成轴瓦使用。巴氏合金分锡基(见锡合金)和铅基合金两种。后者含锑10%~20%,锡5 %~15%,为防止成分偏析和细化晶粒,还常加入少量的砷。铅基合金的强度和硬度比锡基合金低,耐蚀性也差。
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