Cobalt(II) carbonate

Cobalt(II) carbonate
Names
	IUPAC name Cobalt(II) carbonate
	Other names Cobaltous carbonate; cobalt(II) salt
Identifiers
CAS Number	513-79-1 ; 12602-23-2 (cobalt carbonate hydroxide) ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	10123 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.428
PubChem CID	10565;
	InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3.Co/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2 Key: ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/CH2O3.Co/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2 Key: ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-NUQVWONBAB;
	SMILES C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Co+2];
Properties
Chemical formula	CoCO3
Appearance	red/ pink crystals (anhydrous); pink, violet, red crystalline powder (hexahydrate)
Density	4.13 g/cm3
Melting point	427 °C (801 °F; 700 K) ; decomposes before melting to cobalt(II) oxide (anhydrous); 140 °C (284 °F; 413 K); decomposes (hexahydrate)
Solubility in water	negligible
Solubility product (Ksp)	1.0·10−10
Solubility	soluble in acid ; negligible in alcohol, methyl acetate ; insoluble in ethanol
Refractive index (nD)	1.855
Structure
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral (anhydrous) ; Trigonal (hexahydrate)
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (So298)	79.9 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfHo298)	−722.6 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)	-651 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	Warning
GHS hazard statements	H302, H315, H317, H319, H335, H351
GHS precautionary statements	P261, P280, P305+351+338
NFPA 704	0 1 0
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	640 mg/kg (oral, rats)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

Cobalt(II) carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula CoCO₃. This reddish paramagnetic solid is an intermediate in the hydrometallurgical purification of cobalt from its ores. It is an inorganic pigment, and a precursor to catalysts.^[4] Commercially available pale violet basic cobalt carbonate, with the formula CoCO₃(Co(OH)_x(H₂O)_y (CAS 12069-68-0).^[5]

Preparation and properties

It is prepared by heating cobaltous sulfate with a solution of sodium bicarbonate.

Heating the carbonate, i.e. calcining, proceeds in the usual way:

6 CoCO₃ + O₂ → 2Co₃O₄ + 6 CO₂

The resulting Co₃O₄ converts reversibly to CoO at high temperatures.^[6] Like most transition metal carbonates, cobalt carbonate is insoluble in water, but is readily attacked by mineral acids:

CoCO₃ + 2 HCl + 5 H₂O → [Co(H₂O)₆]Cl₂ + CO₂

Uses

Cobalt carbonate is a precursor to cobalt carbonyl and various cobalt salts. It is a component of dietary supplements since cobalt is an essential element. It is a precursor to blue pottery glazes, famously in the case of Delftware.

Safety

The compound is harmful if swallowed, and irritating to eyes and skin.

^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-06-15. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=573
^ ^a ^b ^c Sigma-Aldrich Co., Cobalt(II) carbonate. Retrieved on 2014-05-06.
^ John Dallas Donaldson, Detmar Beyersmann, "Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_281.pub2
^ Cobalt(II) carbonate also occurs as the rare mineral spherocobaltite, which occurs as pink/red trigonal crystals with a specific gravity of 4.13g/cm³Spherocobaltite www.mindat.org
^ G.A. El-Shobaky, A.S. Ahmad, A.N. Al-Noaimi and H.G. El-Shobaky Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 1996, Volume 46, Number 6 , pp.1801-1808. online abstract

Carbonates
H₂CO₃																	He
Li₂CO₃, LiHCO₃	BeCO₃											B	C	(NH₄)₂CO₃, NH₄HCO₃	O	F	Ne
Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, Na₃H(CO₃)₂	MgCO₃, Mg(HCO₃)₂											Al₂(CO₃)₃	Si	P	S	Cl	Ar
K₂CO₃, KHCO₃	CaCO₃, Ca(HCO₃)₂	Sc	Ti	V	Cr	MnCO₃	FeCO₃	CoCO₃	NiCO₃	CuCO₃	ZnCO₃	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
Rb₂CO₃	SrCO₃	Y	Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag₂CO₃	CdCO₃	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
Cs₂CO₃, CsHCO₃	BaCO₃		Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg	Tl₂CO₃	PbCO₃	(BiO)₂CO₃	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra		Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Nh	Fl	Mc	Lv	Ts	Og
		↓
		La₂(CO₃)₃	Ce₂(CO₃)₃	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
		Ac	Th	Pa	UO₂CO₃	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr

[1] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-06-15. Retrieved 2012-05-17.

[chemister-2] ttp://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=573

[sigma-3] Sigma-Aldrich Co., Cobalt(II) carbonate. Retrieved on 2014-05-06.

[4] John Dallas Donaldson, Detmar Beyersmann, "Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_281.pub2

[5] Cobalt(II) carbonate also occurs as the rare mineral spherocobaltite, which occurs as pink/red trigonal crystals with a specific gravity of 4.13g/cm³Spherocobaltite www.mindat.org

[6] G.A. El-Shobaky, A.S. Ahmad, A.N. Al-Noaimi and H.G. El-Shobaky Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 1996, Volume 46, Number 6 , pp.1801-1808. online abstract

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