Team sport

A team sport includes any sport where individuals are organized into opposing teams which compete to win. Team members act together towards a shared objective. This can be done in a number of ways such as outscoring the opposing team. Team members set goals, make decisions, communicate, manage conflict, and solve problems in a supportive, trusting atmosphere in order to accomplish their objectives. Examples are basketball, volleyball, rugby, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey.

Overview

Team sports are practiced between opposing teams, where the players interact directly and simultaneously between them to achieve an objective. The objective generally involves teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar object in accordance with a set of rules, in order to score points.

The meaning of a "team sport" has been disputed in recent years. Some types of sports have different objectives or rules than "traditional" team sports. These types of team sports do not involve teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar item in accordance with a set of rules, in order to score points. For example, swimming, rowing, sailing, dragon boat racing, and track and field among others can also be considered team sports.^[2] In other types of team sports, there may not be an opposing team or point scoring, for example, mountaineering. Instead of points scored against an opposing team, the relative difficulty of the climb or walk is the measure of the achievement. In some sports where participants are entered by a team, they do not only compete against members of other teams but also against each other for points towards championship standings. For example, motorsport, particularly Formula One. In cycling however, team members whilst still in competition with each other, will also work towards assisting one, usually a specialist, member of the team to the highest possible finishing position. This process is known as team orders and although previously accepted was banned in Formula One^[3] between 2002 and 2010. After a controversy involving team orders at the 2010 German Grand Prix however, the regulation was removed as of the 2011 season.^[4]

Through the years, the popularity of team sport has continued to grow, positively influencing not just athletes, but also fans, local and national economies. All over the world, the impact of team sport can be seen as professional athletes live out their dreams while serving as role models, youth athletes develop life skills and follow in the footsteps of their role models, fans bond over the love of their teams while supporting their economies with their support.

History

Traces of sprinting as a team sport extend back several thousand years - as evidenced in images in the cave in Lascaux in France which depict people running after animals or vice versa; this was an issue of survival of the fittest.^[5]

Organized athletics in Greece traditionally date back to 776 BC, with ongoing activity recorded up to 393 BC. These ancient Olympic Games tested warrior skills and consisted of running, jumping or leaping, wrestling (combat sport), and javelin throw.^[6] In the Bayankhongor Province of Mongolia, Neolithic-era cave paintings dating to 7000 BC depict a wrestling match surrounded by crowds.^[7] Prehistoric cave-paintings in Japan show a sport similar to sumo wrestling.^[8] In Wadi Sura, near Gilf Kebir in Libya, a Neolithic rock painting in the cave of swimmers shows evidence of swimming and archery being practiced around 6000 BC.^[9]

The term "athlete", according to mythology, derives from the name of Aethlius,^{[citation needed]}^[10] the mythological first King of Elis (the location of Olympia) in Greece. The practice of young athletes carrying flaming torches is also traced^{[by whom?]} to the King of Elis, under whose supervision the games took place; some historians^[which?] regard this as the first record of Olympic sprint racing. Before the start of the races gods were invoked^{[by whom?]} by offerings of mostly fruits and vegetables. The winner of the race was crowned with a wreath of olive or laurel and celery sticks were offered^{[by whom?]} as a trophy. In subsequent years monetary attractions were introduced as prize money. However, the practice of offering celery sticks is still in vogue in the 100 m sprint in the Olympics.^[11]^{[not in citation given]}

The present-day pattern of Olympic Games resembles the practice followed in ancient times. Sprint was the coveted event. The 200 m sprint is known in Greek as "short foot race". The 400 m race is equivalent to two stades and called diaulos in Greek.^[6]

Olympic team sports

Seven team sports are currently on the program of the Summer Olympics. Cricket's inclusion in the 2024 Summer Olympics depends on the decision of the International Cricket Council and its members.^[12] A cricket tournament formed part of the Summer Olympics in 1900, although only one match was played, between teams representing Great Britain and France. However, the British team was effectively a club touring side and the French players were drawn partly from expatriates living in Paris.^[13]

Ice hockey and curling are team sports at the Winter Olympics together with the bobsleigh competition where the men's event has classes for both two-man and four-man sleds, but the women's class is restricted to two persons only.^[14]

All Olympic team sports include competitions for both men and women.

Sport	Men	Women
Sport	First edition	Editions	First edition	Editions
Football at the Summer Olympics	Paris 1900	25	Atlanta 1996	5
Water polo at the Summer Olympics	Paris 1900	26	Sydney 2000	4
Field hockey at the Summer Olympics	London 1908	21	Moscow 1980	8
Bobsleigh at the Winter Olympics	Chamonix 1924	24	Salt Lake 2002	4
Curling at the Winter Olympics	Chamonix 1924	5	Nagano 1998	4
Ice hockey at the Winter Olympics	Chamonix 1924	21	Nagano 1998	4
Basketball at the Summer Olympics	Berlin 1936	17	Montreal 1976	9
Handball at the Summer Olympics	Berlin 1936	11	Montreal 1976	9
Volleyball at the Summer Olympics	Tokyo 1964	12	Tokyo 1964	12
Rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics	Rio de Janeiro 2016	1	Rio de Janeiro 2016	1

^[15]

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Contents

Overview

History

Olympic team sports

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